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Modifiable lifestyle factors predict maintenance of cognitive function in older adults, findings indicate
Wednesday, June 10 2009 | Comments
What's This?
Certain variables that predict successful cognitive aging include modifiable lifestyle factors that could be targeted in programs designed to prevent cognitive decline, according to an analysis of data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study.Researchers evaluated data for 2,509 participants aged 70 to 79 years at enrollment. Cognitive function was assessed with the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and during years 3, 5, and 8 of follow-up.
The participants were categorized into 3 groups: those who maintained cognitive function during follow-up (30% of the sample), those who exhibited minor levels of cognitive decline (53%), and those who exhibited major cognitive decline (16%).
In a multivariate model, baseline variables that predicted maintenance of cognitive function (rather than minor cognitive decline) were age (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.55-0.77 per 5 years), white race (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.30-2.28), greater levels of education (OR for high school or greater, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.78-4.26), greater levels of literacy (OR for a ninth-grade literacy level or greater, 4.85; 95% CI, 3.00-7.87), weekly moderate or vigorous exercise (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06-1.62), and not smoking (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.14-2.97).
Statistical trends (P<.10) suggested that associations might also exist between maintenance of cognitive function and other baseline variables, including working or volunteering, living with someone, and the absence of the apolipoprotein e4 gene.
Variables associated with major cognitive decline (vs minor cognitive decline) included older age, less education, lower literacy levels, a lower level of social support, and the presence of the apolipoprotein e4 gene. Statistical trends suggested that race, body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension might also influence the likelihood of major cognitive decline. (Yaffe K, et al. Neurology 2009;72:2029-2035.)
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